diff --git a/components.d.ts b/components.d.ts
index bbfb868..1ea6ec5 100644
--- a/components.d.ts
+++ b/components.d.ts
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ export {}
 
 declare module '@vue/runtime-core' {
   export interface GlobalComponents {
+    CaptchaPanel: typeof import('./src/components/CaptchaPanel.vue')['default']
     ElAside: typeof import('element-plus/es')['ElAside']
     ElButton: typeof import('element-plus/es')['ElButton']
     ElCard: typeof import('element-plus/es')['ElCard']
diff --git a/src/components/CaptchaPanel.vue b/src/components/CaptchaPanel.vue
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3831009
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/components/CaptchaPanel.vue
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+<template>
+  <div ref="captchaBoxRef" class="captcha-panel"></div>
+</template>
+
+<script setup lang="ts">
+import { computed, nextTick, onBeforeUnmount, ref } from 'vue'
+import {
+  createTianAiCaptcha,
+  type TianAiCaptchaConfig,
+  type TianAiCaptchaInstance,
+  type TianAiCaptchaResult,
+  type TianAiCaptchaStyle
+} from '@/vendor/tianai-captcha'
+
+type CaptchaMode = 'data' | 'validate'
+type CaptchaType = 'RANDOM' | 'SLIDER' | 'ROTATE' | 'CONCAT' | 'WORD_IMAGE_CLICK'
+
+const props = withDefaults(defineProps<{
+  mode?: CaptchaMode
+  type?: CaptchaType
+  validCaptchaUrl?: string
+  requestHeaders?: Record<string, string>
+  styleConfig?: TianAiCaptchaStyle
+}>(), {
+  mode: 'data',
+  type: 'RANDOM'
+})
+
+const emit = defineEmits<{
+  (e: 'close'): void
+  (e: 'data-ready', result: TianAiCaptchaResult): void
+  (e: 'init-error', error: Error): void
+  (e: 'state-change', active: boolean): void
+  (e: 'valid-fail', res: any): void
+  (e: 'valid-success', res: any): void
+}>()
+
+const captchaBoxRef = ref<HTMLElement | null>(null)
+const captchaInstance = ref<TianAiCaptchaInstance | null>(null)
+const active = ref(false)
+const requestCaptchaBaseUrl = buildCaptchaApiUrl('/captcha/gen')
+const resolvedValidCaptchaUrl = computed(() => {
+  return props.validCaptchaUrl || buildCaptchaApiUrl('/captcha/check')
+})
+const requestCaptchaDataUrl = computed(() => {
+  if (props.type === 'RANDOM') {
+    return requestCaptchaBaseUrl
+  }
+
+  return `${requestCaptchaBaseUrl}?type=${encodeURIComponent(props.type)}`
+})
+
+async function init() {
+  await nextTick()
+
+  if (!captchaBoxRef.value) {
+    emit('init-error', new Error('验证码容器初始化失败'))
+    return
+  }
+
+  destroy()
+
+  const config: TianAiCaptchaConfig = {
+    bindEl: captchaBoxRef.value,
+    requestCaptchaDataUrl: requestCaptchaDataUrl.value,
+    requestHeaders: props.requestHeaders,
+    btnRefreshFun: (_el, tac) => {
+      tac.reloadCaptcha()
+    },
+    btnCloseFun: () => {
+      destroy()
+      emit('close')
+    }
+  }
+  switch (props.mode) {
+    case 'validate':
+      config.validCaptchaUrl = resolvedValidCaptchaUrl.value
+      config.validSuccess = res => emit('valid-success', res)
+      config.validFail = res => emit('valid-fail', res)
+      break
+    case 'data':
+      config.onDataReady = result => emit('data-ready', result)
+      break
+    default:
+      emit('init-error', new Error(`未知的验证码模式: ${props.mode}`))
+      return
+  }
+
+  captchaInstance.value = createTianAiCaptcha(config, props.styleConfig)
+  captchaInstance.value.init()
+  setActive(true)
+}
+
+function reload() {
+  captchaInstance.value?.reloadCaptcha()
+}
+
+function destroy() {
+  if (captchaInstance.value) {
+    captchaInstance.value.destroyWindow()
+    captchaInstance.value = null
+  }
+
+  setActive(false)
+}
+
+function setActive(nextValue: boolean) {
+  if (active.value === nextValue) return
+  active.value = nextValue
+  emit('state-change', nextValue)
+}
+
+defineExpose({
+  destroy,
+  init,
+  reload,
+})
+
+function buildCaptchaApiUrl(path: string) {
+  const normalizedBase = (import.meta.env.VITE_APP_API_BASE || '').replace(/\/+$/, '')
+  const normalizedPath = path.startsWith('/') ? path : `/${path}`
+  return `${normalizedBase}${normalizedPath}`
+}
+
+onBeforeUnmount(() => destroy())
+</script>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/vendor/tianai-captcha/captcha/concat/concat.less b/src/vendor/tianai-captcha/captcha/concat/concat.less
index 6013fe6..796e8d6 100644
--- a/src/vendor/tianai-captcha/captcha/concat/concat.less
+++ b/src/vendor/tianai-captcha/captcha/concat/concat.less
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
     background-size: 100% 180px;
     position: absolute;
     transform: translate(0px, 0px);
-    /* border-bottom: 1px solid blue; */
     z-index: 1;
     width: 100%;
   }
diff --git a/src/views/Login.vue b/src/views/Login.vue
index b92236f..69fa29a 100644
--- a/src/views/Login.vue
+++ b/src/views/Login.vue
@@ -53,7 +53,13 @@
       @closed="handleCaptchaDialogClosed"
     >
       <p class="captcha-dialog-subtitle">请先完成验证码校验，再继续登录。</p>
-      <div ref="captchaBoxRef" class="captcha-box"></div>
+      <CaptchaPanel
+        ref="captchaRef"
+        class="captcha-box"
+        @close="closeCaptchaDialog"
+        @data-ready="handleCaptchaSolved"
+        @init-error="handleCaptchaInitError"
+      />
     </el-dialog>
   </div>
 </template>
@@ -63,13 +69,9 @@ import { useStore } from 'vuex'
 import { useRouter } from 'vue-router'
 import { ElMessage } from 'element-plus'
 import type { VForm } from '../types'
+import CaptchaPanel from '@/components/CaptchaPanel.vue'
 import http from '@/utils/http'
-import {
-  createTianAiCaptcha,
-  type TianAiCaptchaConfig,
-  type TianAiCaptchaInstance,
-  type TianAiCaptchaResult
-} from '@/vendor/tianai-captcha'
+import type { TianAiCaptchaResult } from '@/vendor/tianai-captcha'
 
 type LoginFormState = {
   username: string | null,
@@ -87,13 +89,17 @@ type LoginConfigResponse = {
   }
 }
 
+type CaptchaPanelRef = {
+  destroy: () => void
+  init: () => Promise<void>
+  reload: () => void
+}
+
 const store = useStore()
 const router = useRouter()
 const loginForm = ref<VForm>()
-const captchaBoxRef = ref<HTMLElement | null>(null)
+const captchaRef = ref<CaptchaPanelRef | null>(null)
 const captchaDialogVisible = ref(false)
-const captchaInstance = ref<TianAiCaptchaInstance | null>(null)
-const requestCaptchaDataUrl = buildApiUrl('/captcha/gen')
 const captchaErrorPattern = /验证码|captcha/i
 
 const userInfo: LoginFormState = reactive({
@@ -119,7 +125,7 @@ localStorage.clear()
 async function openCaptchaDialog() {
   captchaDialogVisible.value = true
   await nextTick()
-  initCaptcha()
+  await captchaRef.value?.init()
 }
 
 async function handleLogin() {
@@ -148,31 +154,6 @@ async function handleLogin() {
   })
 }
 
-function initCaptcha() {
-  if (!captchaBoxRef.value) {
-    captchaDialogVisible.value = false
-    ElMessage.error('验证码容器初始化失败')
-    return
-  }
-
-  destroyCaptcha(false)
-
-  const config: TianAiCaptchaConfig = {
-    bindEl: captchaBoxRef.value,
-    requestCaptchaDataUrl,
-    onDataReady: handleCaptchaSolved,
-    btnRefreshFun: (_el, tac) => {
-      tac.reloadCaptcha()
-    },
-    btnCloseFun: () => {
-      closeCaptchaDialog()
-    }
-  }
-
-  captchaInstance.value = createTianAiCaptcha(config)
-  captchaInstance.value.init()
-}
-
 async function handleCaptchaSolved(result: TianAiCaptchaResult) {
   if (loading.value) return
 
@@ -186,7 +167,7 @@ async function handleCaptchaSolved(result: TianAiCaptchaResult) {
     })
   } catch (error) {
     if (isCaptchaError(error)) {
-      captchaInstance.value?.reloadCaptcha()
+      captchaRef.value?.reload()
     } else {
       closeCaptchaDialog()
     }
@@ -207,29 +188,19 @@ async function submitLogin(payload: LoginRequest) {
 
 function closeCaptchaDialog(resetLoading = true) {
   captchaDialogVisible.value = false
-  destroyCaptcha(false)
+  captchaRef.value?.destroy()
   if (resetLoading) {
     loading.value = false
   }
 }
 
 function handleCaptchaDialogClosed() {
-  destroyCaptcha(false)
+  captchaRef.value?.destroy()
 }
 
-function destroyCaptcha(showMessage = false) {
-  if (!captchaInstance.value) return
-  captchaInstance.value.destroyWindow()
-  captchaInstance.value = null
-  if (showMessage) {
-    console.info('[login captcha] destroy captcha instance')
-  }
-}
-
-function buildApiUrl(path: string) {
-  const normalizedBase = (import.meta.env.VITE_APP_API_BASE || '').replace(/\/+$/, '')
-  const normalizedPath = path.startsWith('/') ? path : `/${path}`
-  return `${normalizedBase}${normalizedPath}`
+function handleCaptchaInitError() {
+  captchaDialogVisible.value = false
+  ElMessage.error('验证码初始化失败')
 }
 
 function isCaptchaError(error: unknown) {
@@ -239,7 +210,7 @@ function isCaptchaError(error: unknown) {
   return false
 }
 
-onBeforeUnmount(() => destroyCaptcha())
+onBeforeUnmount(() => captchaRef.value?.destroy())
 </script>
 <style lang="less" scoped>
 .login-page {
diff --git a/src/views/debug/CaptchaSandbox.vue b/src/views/debug/CaptchaSandbox.vue
index a578e9c..5fdd3fb 100644
--- a/src/views/debug/CaptchaSandbox.vue
+++ b/src/views/debug/CaptchaSandbox.vue
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@
   <div>
     <div class="hero-actions">
       <el-button type="primary" @click="startCaptcha" plain>开始验证</el-button>
-      <el-button @click="reloadCaptcha" :disabled="!captchaInstance">刷新</el-button>
-      <el-button @click="destroyCaptcha" :disabled="!captchaInstance" plain>销毁</el-button>
+      <el-button @click="reloadCaptcha" :disabled="!captchaActive">刷新</el-button>
+      <el-button @click="destroyCaptcha" :disabled="!captchaActive" plain>销毁</el-button>
     </div>
 
     <div class="sandbox-grid">
@@ -19,24 +19,33 @@
 
       <el-card class="preview-card" shadow="never">
         <template #header>验证码预览</template>
-        <div ref="captchaBoxRef" class="captcha-box"></div>
+        <CaptchaPanel
+          ref="captchaRef"
+          class="captcha-box"
+          mode="validate"
+          :type="selectedType"
+          @close="handleCaptchaClose"
+          @state-change="handleCaptchaStateChange"
+          @valid-fail="handleValidFail"
+          @valid-success="handleValidSuccess"
+        />
       </el-card>
     </div>
   </div>
 </template>
 
 <script setup lang="ts">
-import { computed, onBeforeUnmount, ref } from 'vue'
-import {
-  createTianAiCaptcha,
-  type TianAiCaptchaConfig,
-  type TianAiCaptchaInstance
-} from '@/vendor/tianai-captcha'
+import { onBeforeUnmount, ref } from 'vue'
+import CaptchaPanel from '@/components/CaptchaPanel.vue'
 
 type CaptchaType = 'RANDOM' | 'SLIDER' | 'ROTATE' | 'CONCAT' | 'WORD_IMAGE_CLICK'
 
-const requestCaptchaBaseUrl = buildApiUrl('/captcha/gen')
-const validCaptchaUrl = buildApiUrl('/captcha/check')
+type CaptchaPanelRef = {
+  destroy: () => void
+  init: () => Promise<void>
+  reload: () => void
+}
+
 const captchaTypeOptions: Array<{ label: string, value: CaptchaType }> = [
   { label: '随机', value: 'RANDOM' },
   { label: '滑块拼图', value: 'SLIDER' },
@@ -45,91 +54,66 @@ const captchaTypeOptions: Array<{ label: string, value: CaptchaType }> = [
   { label: '汉字点选', value: 'WORD_IMAGE_CLICK' },
 ]
 
-const captchaInstance = ref<TianAiCaptchaInstance | null>(null)
-const captchaBoxRef = ref<HTMLElement | null>(null)
+const captchaRef = ref<CaptchaPanelRef | null>(null)
+const captchaActive = ref(false)
 const selectedType = ref<CaptchaType>('RANDOM')
 
-const requestCaptchaDataUrl = computed(() => {
-  if (selectedType.value === 'RANDOM') {
-    return requestCaptchaBaseUrl
-  }
-
-  return `${requestCaptchaBaseUrl}?type=${encodeURIComponent(selectedType.value)}`
-})
-
-function startCaptcha() {
-  if (!captchaBoxRef.value) {
-    console.warn('[captcha sandbox] captcha container is not ready')
-    return
-  }
-
-  destroyCaptcha(false)
-
-  const config: TianAiCaptchaConfig = {
-    bindEl: captchaBoxRef.value,
-    requestCaptchaDataUrl: requestCaptchaDataUrl.value,
-    validCaptchaUrl,
-    validSuccess: (res, _captcha, tac) => {
-      console.log('[captcha sandbox] valid success', res)
-      tac.destroyWindow()
-    },
-    validFail: (res, _captcha, tac) => {
-      console.warn('[captcha sandbox] valid fail', res)
-      tac.reloadCaptcha()
-    },
-    btnRefreshFun: (_el, tac) => {
-      console.info('[captcha sandbox] refresh captcha')
-      tac.reloadCaptcha()
-    },
-    btnCloseFun: (_el, tac) => {
-      console.info('[captcha sandbox] close captcha window')
-      tac.destroyWindow()
-    }
-  }
-
+async function startCaptcha() {
   console.info('[captcha sandbox] init captcha', {
     type: selectedType.value,
-    requestCaptchaDataUrl: requestCaptchaDataUrl.value,
-    validCaptchaUrl
+    mode: 'validate'
   })
 
-  captchaInstance.value = createTianAiCaptcha(config)
-  captchaInstance.value.init()
+  await captchaRef.value?.init()
 }
 
 function reloadCaptcha() {
-  if (!captchaInstance.value) return
+  if (!captchaActive.value) return
   console.info('[captcha sandbox] manual reload')
-  captchaInstance.value.reloadCaptcha()
+  captchaRef.value?.reload()
 }
 
 function destroyCaptcha(showMessage = true) {
-  if (!captchaInstance.value) return
-  captchaInstance.value.destroyWindow()
-  captchaInstance.value = null
+  if (!captchaActive.value) return
+  captchaRef.value?.destroy()
   if (showMessage) {
     console.info('[captcha sandbox] destroy captcha instance')
   }
 }
 
-function buildApiUrl(path: string) {
-  const normalizedBase = (import.meta.env.VITE_APP_API_BASE || '').replace(/\/+$/, '')
-  const normalizedPath = path.startsWith('/') ? path : `/${path}`
-  return `${normalizedBase}${normalizedPath}`
+function handleCaptchaClose() {
+  console.info('[captcha sandbox] close captcha window')
 }
 
-onBeforeUnmount(() => destroyCaptcha(false))
+function handleCaptchaStateChange(active: boolean) {
+  captchaActive.value = active
+}
+
+function handleValidSuccess(res: any) {
+  console.log('[captcha sandbox] valid success', res)
+  captchaRef.value?.destroy()
+}
+
+function handleValidFail(res: any) {
+  console.warn('[captcha sandbox] valid fail', res)
+  captchaRef.value?.reload()
+}
+
+onBeforeUnmount(() => captchaRef.value?.destroy())
 </script>
 
 <style lang="less" scoped>
 .hero-actions {
   margin-bottom: 24px;
 }
+
 .sandbox-grid {
   display: flex;
   gap: 20px;
+
   .el-card {
     flex: 1;
+
     &.preview-card {
       flex: 0 0 420px;
     }